# Reinforcement Learning on single-host TPUs This tutorial demonstrates step-by-step instructions for setting up the environment and then training the Llama3.1 8B-IT model on the GSM8K math reasoning dataset using a single host TPU-VM such as `v6e-8/v5p-8`. We utilize two RL algorithms, implemented via the Tunix library, to enhance the model's reasoning capabilities: - **Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO)**: GRPO is an RL algorithm designed to enhance the reasoning abilities of LLMs. It is a variant of Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO) that reduces memory usage by eliminating the need for a separate value function model. GRPO works by generating multiple responses for a given prompt, evaluating these responses using a reward model, and then calculating a relative advantage based on the group's performance to update the policy. - **Group Sequence Policy Optimization (GSPO)**: GSPO is an RL algorithm that improves training efficiency and performance of LLMs by using sequence-level importance ratios and operations. GSPO defines the importance ratio based on sequence likelihood and performs sequence-level clipping, rewarding, and optimization. For efficient model inference and response generation during this process, we rely on the vLLM library. Let's get started! ## Create virtual environment and Install MaxText dependencies ```bash # Create a virtual environment export VENV_NAME= # e.g., maxtext_venv pip install uv uv venv --python 3.12 --seed $VENV_NAME source $VENV_NAME/bin/activate ``` ### Option 1: From PyPI releases (Recommended) Run the following commands to get all the necessary installations. ```bash uv pip install maxtext[tpu-post-train] --resolution=lowest install_maxtext_tpu_post_train_extra_deps ``` It installs MaxText and then for post-training, it installs primarily the following: a. [Tunix](https://github.com/google/tunix) as the LLM Post-Training Library, and b. `vllm-tpu` which is [vllm](https://github.com/vllm-project/vllm) and [tpu-inference](https://github.com/vllm-project/tpu-inference) and thereby providing TPU inference for vLLM, with unified JAX and PyTorch support. ### Option 2: From Github For using a version newer than the latest PyPI release, you could also install the latest vetted versions of the dependencies from MaxText in the following way: ```bash # 1. Clone the repository git clone https://github.com/AI-Hypercomputer/maxtext.git cd maxtext # 2. Install dependencies in editable mode uv pip install -e .[tpu-post-train] --resolution=lowest install_maxtext_tpu_post_train_extra_deps ``` ## Setup environment variables Setup following environment variables before running GRPO/GSPO: ```bash # -- Model configuration -- export HF_MODEL= # e.g. 'llama3.1-8b-Instruct' export MODEL= # e.g. 'llama3.1-8b' export TOKENIZER= # e.g. 'meta-llama/Llama-3.1-8B-Instruct' export HF_TOKEN= # -- MaxText configuration -- export BASE_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY=

# e.g., gs://my-bucket/my-output-directory export RUN_NAME= # e.g., $(date +%Y-%m-%d-%H-%M-%S) export CHIPS_PER_VM= # depends on hardware, for v5p this is 4, for v6e this is 8 ``` For the value of `CHIPS_PER_VM` on different TPU hardware, refer the official document - [TPU v5e](https://docs.cloud.google.com/tpu/docs/v5e) (single host, chips_per_vm=8) - [TPU v5p](https://docs.cloud.google.com/tpu/docs/v5p) (single host, chips_per_vm=4) - [TPU v6e](https://docs.cloud.google.com/tpu/docs/v6e) (single host, chips_per_vm=8) ## Get your model checkpoint ### Option 1: Using an existing MaxText checkpoint If you already have a MaxText-compatible model checkpoint, simply set the following environment variable and move on to the next section. ```bash export MAXTEXT_CKPT_PATH= # e.g., gs://my-bucket/my-model-checkpoint/0/items ``` ### Option 2: Converting from a Hugging Face checkpoint Refer the steps in [Hugging Face to MaxText](../../guides/checkpointing_solutions/convert_checkpoint.md#hugging-face-to-maxtext) to convert a hugging face checkpoint to MaxText. Make sure you have correct checkpoint files converted and saved. Similar as Option 1, you can set the following environment and move on. ```bash export MAXTEXT_CKPT_PATH= # e.g., gs://my-bucket/my-model-checkpoint/0/items ``` ## Run GRPO Run the following command for GRPO: ``` python3 -m src.maxtext.trainers.post_train.rl.train_rl src/maxtext/configs/post_train/rl.yml \ model_name=${MODEL} \ tokenizer_path=${TOKENIZER} \ load_parameters_path=${MAXTEXT_CKPT_PATH} \ run_name=${RUN_NAME} \ base_output_directory=${BASE_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY} \ hf_access_token=${HF_TOKEN} \ chips_per_vm=${CHIPS_PER_VM} ``` The overview of what this run will do is as follows: 1. We load a policy model and a reference model. Both are copies of the model checkpoint you specified (e.g., `Llama3.1-8b-Instruct`). 2. Evaluate the policy model's performance on GSM8K math reasoning benchmark. 3. Train the policy model using GRPO. 4. Evaluate the policy model's performance on GSM8K math reasoning benchmark after the post-training with GRPO. ## Run GSPO Run the following command for GSPO: ``` python3 -m src.maxtext.trainers.post_train.rl.train_rl src/maxtext/configs/post_train/rl.yml \ model_name=${MODEL} \ tokenizer_path=${TOKENIZER} \ load_parameters_path=${MAXTEXT_CKPT_PATH} \ run_name=${RUN_NAME} \ base_output_directory=${BASE_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY} \ hf_access_token=${HF_TOKEN} \ loss_algo=gspo-token \ chips_per_vm=${CHIPS_PER_VM} ``` The overview of what this run will do is as follows: 1. We load a policy model and a reference model. Both are copies of the model checkpoint you specified (e.g., `Llama3.1-8b-Instruct`). 2. Evaluate the policy model's performance on GSM8K math reasoning benchmark. 3. Train the policy model using GSPO. 4. Evaluate the policy model's performance on GSM8K math reasoning benchmark after the post-training with GSPO.